A Manipulator for Medical Applications: Design and Control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An actuated robot arm is designed for use as a gross positioning macro-manipulator that can carry, appropriately orient, precisely position, and firmly “lock” in place different types of micro-robots and surgical tools necessary for applications in minimally invasive therapy. With a simple manipulation protocol, the clinician can easily operate the robot in manual mode. A remote control mode can also be enabled for teleoperation of the robot. The robot’s normally locked braking system and the simple quick-release joint enhance its safety features for emergencies and power shutdown. Robot workspace analysis showed that the singularity regions are outside the usable work envelope of the robot. Performance analysis showed that the robot operates with an average displacement accuracy of 0.58 mm and a roll, pitch, and yaw angular accuracies of 0.26 deg, 0.26 deg, and 0.38 deg, respectively. The sophisticated configuration and joint architecture of the arm enable it to perform and interact efficiently with the constrained and limited workspace of surgical environments. The special features of the proposed robot make it well suited for use with new surgical tools and micro-robots for a range of medical interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".