Soil improvement by internally reinforced stone columns
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Granular columns have been used as an effective technique for improving the engineering behaviour of soft clays and loose sand deposits. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on sand columns internally reinforced with horizontal wire meshes made of plastic, steel and aluminium materials. Loading tests were performed on prototype reinforced sand columns in a stress-controlled chamber that contained normally consolidated clay. The objective of this investigation was to establish the load-carrying capacity of these columns in light of the presence and intensity of the reinforcement. The performance of the reinforced sand mass was examined, by direct shear testing, in terms of angle of shearing resistance, strains to peak strength, bearing ratio, and brittleness of the system post-peak. A theoretical model is proposed to predict the load-carrying capacity of these columns. The values predicted by the proposed theory compared well with the results of the present experimental investigation as well as those available in the literature. A design procedure is presented for practitioners.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it