Bibliographic record
Abstract
Currently recommended minimum isolation distances of 3 and 10 m for pedigreed seed production of annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.; 2n = 2x = 12) may not be sufficient to maintain the purity of seed lots. The objective of this study was to estimate outcrossing (OC) rates of annual canarygrass over various distances and directions, using the pubescent‐hulled trait as a dominant detectable marker. In 2001 and 2002, 5‐ × 5‐m pubescent‐hulled pollinator blocks (‘Cantate’) were sown and surrounded by recipient rows of glabrous‐hulled annual canarygrass (‘CDC Maria’) at Saskatoon, SK. At maturity, 0.5‐ × 5‐m strips were harvested at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 m along four transects (N, S, E, W) radiating out from the central pollinator block. Outcrossing from Cantate to recipient plants was identified by the expression of trichomes on the hulls of F1 derived seed. In both years, OC rates adjacent to the pollinator did not exceed ≤2.2%, while OC rates declined rapidly to 0% (2001) or trace levels (0.05%, 2002) at 30 m. Elevated OC to the N of the pollinator was associated with prevailing winds in both years. Maximum OC rates of ≤2.2% support the suggestion that annual canarygrass is predominantly self‐fertilizing. In both years, low OC rates of ≤0.07% were observed at 24 m, suggesting that currently recommended minimum isolation distances may be inadequate to reduce outcrossed derived off‐types to acceptable levels in pedigreed annual canarygrass seed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".