Olanzapine protects PC12 cells from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neuroanatomical studies suggest that neuronal atrophy and destruction occur over the course of many years in neurodegenerative conditions such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. In schizophrenia, early intervention with atypical neuroleptics such as olanzapine has been shown to prevent development of some of the more serious and debilitating symptoms in many patients. The mechanisms whereby olanzapine slows or prevents symptom progression in schizophrenia remain unclear. A previous study found that olanzapine increased mRNA for the copper/zinc isoform of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD-1). We investigated the effects of olanzapine in PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. We measured cell viability, observed evidence of necrosis and apoptosis, checked the SOD-1 mRNA by Northern blot analyses, and determined SOD-1 enzyme activity. We found that: (1) the decrease in cell viability induced by hydrogen peroxide was attenuated in PC12 cells pretreated with olanzapine; (2) olanzapine increased SOD enzyme activity in PC12 cells; (3) inhibiting SOD activity with diethyldithiocarbamic acid prevented the cytoprotective actions of olanzapine; and (4) the decrease in SOD-1 mRNA level induced by hydrogen peroxide was blocked by pretreatment with olanzapine. These data indicate that the neuroprotective action of olanzapine includes the upregulation of SOD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".