D-Baclofen Is an Antagonist at Baclofen Receptors Mediating Antinociception in the Spinal Cord
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The antagonistic action of D-baclofen at baclofen receptors mediating antinociception in the spinal cord was examined. Drugs were administered intrathecally to rats and effects on nociceptive threshold evaluated in the tail flick test. L-Baclofen, D-baclofen and the racemate produced dose-related increases in tail flick latency, with L-baclofen being twice as potent as the racemate and approximately 100 times more potent than D-baclofen. When D-baclofen was injected 15 min prior to L-baclofen, it produced a dose-related inhibition of the effect of L-baclofen. Concomitant administration produced a more ambiguous effect. Antagonism appeared specific for baclofen receptors because analogues with full and partial agonist activity as well as an agonist dose of D-baclofen, but not morphine or noradrenaline, were inhibited by pretreatment with D-baclofen. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) did not increase tail flick latency either alone or following pretreatment with an uptake inhibitor or a GABA-transaminase inhibitor. Antinociception produced by intrathecal administration of Baclofen appears to result from activation of a receptor which is stereoselective for the L-isomer and can be blocked by D-baclofen in doses which have initial agonist activity. This receptor may not be a GABA subtype because GABA does not mimic the effect of baclofen and the rank order of potency of analogues differs from established GABAB systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".