Coho Salmon Population Structure in North America Determined from Microsatellites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Population structure of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from Russia to California was examined with a survey of microsatellite variation to describe the distribution of genetic variation. Variation at 17 microsatellite loci was surveyed for approximately 50,000 coho salmon sampled from 318 localities. The genetic differentiation index (FST) over all populations and loci was 0.058, with individual locus FST values ranging from 0.027 to 0.143. The least genetically diverse coho salmon were observed from Russia, the Porcupine River in the Yukon River drainage, and the middle Fraser and Thompson rivers in southern British Columbia. Coho salmon from Vancouver Island, British Columbia; Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and Juan de Fuca Strait, northern Washington; and Oregon displayed the greatest number of alleles compared with coho salmon in other regions. Differentiation in coho salmon allele frequencies among regions and among populations within regions was approximately seven times greater than that of annual variation within populations. A regional structuring of populations was the general pattern observed; coho salmon spawning in different tributaries within a major river drainage or spawning in smaller rivers in a geographic area were generally more similar to each other than to populations in different major river drainages or geographic areas. The distribution of microsatellite variation in coho salmon likely reflects the origins of salmon radiating from refuges after the last glaciation period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".