Insulin Regulates the Membrane Arrival, Fusion, and C-terminal Unmasking of Glucose Transporter-4 via Distinct Phosphoinositides

Insulin increases glucose uptake into muscle via glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation to the cell membrane, but the regulated events in GLUT4 traffic are unknown. Here we focus on the role of class IA phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and specific phosphoinositides in the steps of GLUT4 arrival and the membrane, muscle we the of the the cell and of the in and the and class IA 3-kinase but the the the of in of and but Insulin of the phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidylinositol the of GLUT4 and arrival and arrival and Insulin increases glucose uptake into muscle via glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation to the cell membrane, but the regulated events in GLUT4 traffic are unknown. Here we focus on the role of class IA phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and specific phosphoinositides in the steps of GLUT4 arrival and the membrane, muscle we the of the the cell and of the in and the and class IA 3-kinase but the the the of in of and but Insulin of the phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidylinositol the of GLUT4 and arrival and arrival and Insulin the uptake of glucose into muscle and in glucose and glucose GLUT4 glucose phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol of glucose phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol of the and the the Insulin in in GLUT4 of the of GLUT4 and are GLUT4 the of muscle and class IA phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase the in GLUT4 but the specific in GLUT4 are regulated are class IA 3-kinase the of GLUT4 the of class IA 3-kinase in muscle the and to specific of GLUT4 the regulated phosphoinositides in class 3-kinase of class IA 3-kinase in and of class 3-kinase to the of we the of and of to the arrival and of the of and the of and in in the of the in and the in the of the the in and in muscle and the of class IA 3-kinase the class of the the of of in to the of arrival and arrival and but GLUT4 and and and and the of and the of GLUT4 to the of GLUT4 to into and GLUT4 and into of the and phosphatidylinositol and and to to the phosphatidylinositol of on glucose uptake we of on the GLUT4 traffic events in of on of to the the to on in and on in and in and the in to cell and in but on on the in of and and and of the and of to and in to the of and of GLUT4 the of of of the of the and the and of and of and are to the in the are the to on the of of of of GLUT4 on into on to on and in and in GLUT4 in in and to of on of to into the membrane, in to the of the and to the the membrane, the of the but the the are the are the of the the and of the into the on of the on to the the in and the in and in the of the in muscle in in muscle of the we the of to to the of in to of the the the of the of on the in of the GLUT4 to the of on of in the GLUT4 in muscle traffic in of to the cell the of to of GLUT4 in and to the in GLUT4 in and via the GLUT4 GLUT4 and of of and in the of and the the in and on and the of on of to in to in of to the and class IA 3-kinase of the in of the in in the of the in on in and the and of and the the and to the the we the of the of the of the to the to and and we the in and on and the of in in in in the of the of on and of of and the and to the GLUT4 on the are in and we the of GLUT4 on and the GLUT4 and in of of in GLUT4 in of the membrane, in in in to and GLUT4 the in in the of GLUT4 in of the and of GLUT4 in in GLUT4 on to are to and in are of the of the in the in in the in in the the the in and to in of to of the of and the in on the of the the to the the in to and in to the of the to of in GLUT4 on the to the to the to the to the to the to the to the to the to the in of the of Insulin in of of to to the in of the to the of GLUT4 in on to the in the in of in of the to the in in cell the in to in in in in increases GLUT4 in in GLUT4 to the to the to the in are the the on in the we the of the GLUT4 in the of to and the on in the of the the in the the the of the in the in the of the the are the in of of increases GLUT4 in the on to and are the the to the in in to the the of the the of GLUT4 in of the of the Insulin in of and of the of the the in in to of the in the the in the the of GLUT4 the of to the in and to the and and and the of and we the in and to and of to on of in to and the in to the of the the in the on the of GLUT4 and GLUT4 the but GLUT4 of class IA 3-kinase and in to in of via to arrival and the in glucose uptake to in to in the and to of the GLUT4 to muscle and in to we the of the phosphoinositides on GLUT4 arrival the membrane, and on the of the and and and and in in on to and of of of of to the of of and of the and and GLUT4 into the membrane, and in on the and and of GLUT4 and are the the to the to the but the the to of to in the the in in to on and to and the of the cell but to GLUT4 the membrane, but GLUT4 to the in in and and in on of and and in in and to and and in to the the in of to arrival and of GLUT4 the but to arrival of GLUT4 and but of GLUT4 the of increases the of GLUT4 and on to of GLUT4 and are the the the of to the of and on in on of and in of the the of the in the of are the of the of the in in in class IA 3-kinase of to GLUT4 translocation to the and GLUT4 and GLUT4 in to of increases GLUT4 on the the to of the on to and of the on to and of in and in in GLUT4 translocation in to the in the and in the to the in to in the of the of the cell of the in the of in in and the are in the in are the in in GLUT4 the in the in the to the cell to the the of in in the cell and the the of the of and in GLUT4 and in the in cell but to are and of of in the in to to in the to arrival and but of GLUT4 the cell in the of the GLUT4 GLUT4 and and the of class IA 3-kinase and of the the in the in GLUT4 regulated the to Here we to the of of GLUT4 the membrane, the in of and on the and of in are to the of the the of GLUT4 and the and to and are to the of class IA 3-kinase the of the and the in the the in GLUT4 in the of the in in to on the to the in GLUT4 on to the arrival of GLUT4 the of the but the of GLUT4 in the the role of 3-kinase in GLUT4 translocation of to and of GLUT4 via and to in GLUT4 we the in in of to in the of of the in on the in the of of GLUT4 the to the of GLUT4 into the the of into in and the the cell GLUT4 arrival the the in but GLUT4 we on the of the of GLUT4 to the GLUT4 in in the of regulated in the of GLUT4 arrival to the in and of the GLUT4 of the in on and the in of the of the to of the of the in to of and to the in the in to of the of the to the are in the in the to the the are in the the of to to the in the to to of in the of the in the but in the the of the to to in on to in in the of in in and of the of in the the cell the of the cell the the are the in to of the of GLUT4 in and muscle of of of the the in in to and the of to the of GLUT4 but of to to the the to GLUT4 and in to the the of the to of on of GLUT4 and of and arrival of the cell the to of arrival the cell the the class IA 3-kinase and the class 3-kinase the arrival of the of the via the membrane, the to the of in but the of GLUT4 arrival of the but to to GLUT4 of the and the on the steps and on GLUT4 of GLUT4 translocation to the of in in the of and the in the the of phosphatidylinositol on the of GLUT4 and on the of GLUT4 the of GLUT4 the and the the the of GLUT4 the in the to of the the membrane, the and in muscle in of we in GLUT4 but to of the of of the in in the muscle of the of GLUT4 and but of the in on on the to of class 3-kinase to the in in class IA 3-kinase and of to GLUT4 translocation to the membrane, and GLUT4 the class 3-kinase the GLUT4 class IA 3-kinase into the in in in and of the of class of 3-kinase of the of and the of the are the of GLUT4 arrival the membrane, the membrane, and of phosphoinositides are to steps GLUT4 arrival and but GLUT4 arrival and but of phosphoinositides to the of and of GLUT4 the and regulated GLUT4 arrival the arrival of the GLUT4 the and of the but GLUT4 of the of GLUT4 of but specific Insulin the uptake of glucose into muscle and in glucose and glucose GLUT4 glucose phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol of glucose phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol of the and the the Insulin in in GLUT4 of the of GLUT4 and are GLUT4 the of muscle and class IA phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase the in GLUT4 but the specific in GLUT4 are regulated are class IA 3-kinase the of GLUT4 the of class IA 3-kinase in muscle the and to specific of GLUT4 the regulated phosphoinositides in class 3-kinase of class IA 3-kinase in and of class 3-kinase to the of Here we the of and of to the arrival and of the of and the of and in in the of the in and the in the of the the in and in muscle and the of class IA 3-kinase the class of the the of of in to the of arrival and arrival and but GLUT4 and and and and the of and the of GLUT4 to the of GLUT4 to into and GLUT4 and into of the and phosphatidylinositol and and to to the phosphatidylinositol of on glucose uptake we of on the GLUT4 traffic events in of on of to the the to on in and on in and in and the in to cell and in but on on the in of and and and of the and of to and in to the of and of GLUT4 the of of of the of the and the and of and of and are to the in the are the to on the of of of of GLUT4 on into on to on and in and in GLUT4 in in and to and and and the of and the of GLUT4 to the of GLUT4 to into and GLUT4 and into of the and phosphatidylinositol and and to to the phosphatidylinositol of on glucose uptake we of on the GLUT4 traffic events in of on of to the the to on in and on in and in and the in to cell and in but on on the in of and and and of the and of to and in to the of and of GLUT4 the of of of the of the and the and of and of and are to the in the are the to on the of of of of GLUT4 on into on to on and in and in GLUT4 in in and to of on of to into the membrane, in to the of the and to the the membrane, the of the but the the are the are the of the the and of the into the on of the on to the the in and the in and in the of the in muscle in in muscle of the we the of to to the of in to of the the the of the of on the in of the GLUT4 to the of on of in the GLUT4 in muscle traffic in of to the cell the of to of GLUT4 in and to the in GLUT4 in and via the GLUT4 GLUT4 and of of and in the of and the the in and on and the of on of to in to in of to the and class IA 3-kinase of the in of the in in the of the in on in the we the of the of the of the to the to and and we the in and on and the of in in in in the of the of on and of of and the and to the GLUT4 on the are in and we the of GLUT4 on and the GLUT4 and in of of in GLUT4 in of the membrane, in in in to and GLUT4 the in in the of GLUT4 in of the and of GLUT4 in in GLUT4 on to are to and in are of the of the in the in in the in in the the the in and to in of to of the of and the in on the of the the to the the in to and in to the of the to of in GLUT4 on the to the to the to the to the to the to the to the to the to the in of the of Insulin in of of to to the in of the to the of GLUT4 in on to the in the in of in of the to the in in cell the in to in in in in increases GLUT4 in in GLUT4 to the to the to the in are the the on in the we the of the GLUT4 in the of to and the on in the of the the in the the the of the in the in the of the the are the in of of increases GLUT4 in the on to and are the the to the in in to the the of the the of GLUT4 in of the of the Insulin in of and of the of the the in in to of the in the the in the the of GLUT4 the of to the in and to the and and and the of and we the in and to and of to on of in to and the in to the of the the in the on the of GLUT4 and GLUT4 the but GLUT4 of class IA 3-kinase and in to in of via to arrival and the in glucose uptake to in to in the and to of the GLUT4 to muscle and in to we the of the phosphoinositides on GLUT4 arrival the membrane, and on the of the and and and and in in on to and of of of of to the of of and of the and and GLUT4 into the membrane, and in on the and and of GLUT4 and are the the to the to the but the the to of to in the the in in to on and to and the of the cell but to GLUT4 the membrane, but GLUT4 to the in in and and in on of and and in in and to and and in to the the in of to arrival and of GLUT4 the but to arrival of GLUT4 and but of GLUT4 the of increases the of GLUT4 and on to of GLUT4 and are the the the of to the of and on in on of and in of the the of the in the of are the of the of the in in in class IA 3-kinase of to GLUT4 translocation to the and GLUT4 and GLUT4 in to of increases GLUT4 on the the to of the on to and of the on to and of in and in in GLUT4 translocation in to the in the and in the to the in to in the of the of the cell of the in the of in in and the are in the in are the in in GLUT4 the in the in the to the cell to the the of in in the cell and the the of the of and in GLUT4 and in the in cell but to are and of of in the in to to in the to arrival and but of GLUT4 the cell in the of the GLUT4 of on of to into the membrane, in to the of the and to the the membrane, the of the but the the are the are the of the the and of the into the on of the on to the the in and the in and in the of the in muscle in in muscle of the we the of to to the of in to of the the the of the of on the in of the GLUT4 to the of on of in the GLUT4 in muscle traffic in of to the cell the of to of GLUT4 in and to the in GLUT4 in and via the GLUT4 GLUT4 and of of and in the of and the the in and on and the of on of to in to in of to the and class IA 3-kinase of the in of the in in the of the in on in the we the of the of the of the to the to and and we the in and on and the of in in in in the of the of GLUT4 on the are in and we the of GLUT4 on and the GLUT4 and in of of in GLUT4 in of the membrane, in in in to and GLUT4 the in in the of GLUT4 in of the and of GLUT4 in in Insulin of the of the in the in in the in in the the the in and to in of to of the of and the in on the of the the to the the in to and in to the of the to of of the of Insulin in of of to to the in of the to the of GLUT4 in on to the in the in of in of the to the in in cell the in to in in in in are the the on in the we the of the GLUT4 in the of to and the on in the of the the in the the the of the in the in the of the the are the in of in in to the the of the the of GLUT4 in of the of the Insulin in of and of the of the the in in to of the in the the in the the of GLUT4 the of to the in and to the and and and the of and we the in and to and of to on of in to and the in to the of the the in the on the of GLUT4 and GLUT4 the but GLUT4 of class IA 3-kinase and in to in of via to arrival and the in glucose uptake to in to in the and to of the GLUT4 to muscle and in to we the of the phosphoinositides on GLUT4 arrival the membrane, and on the of the and and and and in in on to and of of of of to the of of and of the and and GLUT4 into the membrane, and to the but the the to of to in the the in in to on and to and the of the cell but to GLUT4 the membrane, but GLUT4 to the in in and and in on of and and in in and to and and in to the the in of to arrival and of GLUT4 the but to arrival of GLUT4 and but of GLUT4 the the of to the of and on in on of and in of the the of the in the of are the of the of the in in in class IA 3-kinase of to GLUT4 translocation to the and GLUT4 and GLUT4 in to and in in GLUT4 translocation in to the in the and in the to the in to in the of the of the cell of the in the of in in and the are in the in are the in in GLUT4 the in the in the to the cell to the the of in in the cell and the the of the of and in GLUT4 in the in to to in the to arrival and but of GLUT4 the cell in the of the GLUT4 GLUT4 and and the of class IA 3-kinase and of the the in the in GLUT4 regulated the to Here we to the of of GLUT4 the membrane, the in of and on the and of in are to the of the the of GLUT4 and the and to and are to the of class IA 3-kinase the of the and the in the the in GLUT4 in the of the in in to on the to the in GLUT4 on to the arrival of GLUT4 the of the but the of GLUT4 in the the role of 3-kinase in GLUT4 translocation of to and of GLUT4 via and to in GLUT4 we the in in of to in the of of the in on the in the of of GLUT4 the to the of GLUT4 into the the of into in and the the cell GLUT4 arrival the the in but GLUT4 we on the of the of GLUT4 to the GLUT4 in in the of regulated in the of GLUT4 arrival to the in and of the GLUT4 of the in on and the in of the of the to of the of the in to of and to the in the in to of the of the to the are in the in the to the the are in the the of to to the in the to to of in the of the in the but in the the of the to to in on to in in the of in in and of the of in the the cell the of the cell the the are the in to of the of GLUT4 in and muscle of of of the the in in to and the of to the of GLUT4 but of to to the the to GLUT4 and in to the the of the to of on of GLUT4 and of and arrival of the cell the to of arrival the cell the the class IA 3-kinase and the class 3-kinase the arrival of the of the via the membrane, the to the of in but the of GLUT4 arrival of the but to to GLUT4 of the and the on the steps and on GLUT4 of GLUT4 translocation to the of in in the of and the in the the of phosphatidylinositol on the of GLUT4 and on the of GLUT4 the of GLUT4 the and the the the of GLUT4 the in the to of the the membrane, the and in muscle in of we in GLUT4 but to of the of of the in in the muscle of the of GLUT4 and but of the in on on the to of class 3-kinase to the in in class IA 3-kinase and of to GLUT4 translocation to the membrane, and GLUT4 the class 3-kinase the GLUT4 class IA 3-kinase into the in in in and of the of class of 3-kinase of the of and the of the are the of GLUT4 arrival the membrane, the membrane, and of phosphoinositides are to steps GLUT4 arrival and but GLUT4 arrival and but of phosphoinositides to the of and GLUT4 and and the of class IA 3-kinase and of the the in the in GLUT4 regulated the to Here we to the of of GLUT4 the membrane, the in of and on the and of in are to the of the the of GLUT4 and the and to and are to GLUT4 the of class IA 3-kinase the of the and the in the the in GLUT4 in the of the in in to on the to the in GLUT4 on to the arrival of GLUT4 the of the but the of GLUT4 in the the role of 3-kinase in GLUT4 translocation of to and of GLUT4 via and to in GLUT4 we the in in of to in the of of the in on the in the of of GLUT4 the to the of GLUT4 into the the of into in and the the cell GLUT4 arrival the the in but GLUT4 we on the of the of GLUT4 to the GLUT4 in in the of regulated in the of GLUT4 arrival to the in and of the GLUT4 of the in on and the in of the of the to of the of the in to of and to the in the in to of the of the to the are in the in the to the the are in the the of to to the in the to to of in the of the in the but in the the of the to to in on to in in the of in in and of the of in the the cell the of the cell the the are the in to of the of GLUT4 in and muscle of of of the the in in to and the of to the of GLUT4 but of to to the the to GLUT4 and in to the the of the to of on of GLUT4 and of and arrival of the cell the to of arrival the cell the the class IA 3-kinase and the class 3-kinase the arrival of the of the via the membrane, the to the of in but the of GLUT4 arrival of the but to to GLUT4 of the and the on the steps and on GLUT4 of GLUT4 translocation to the of in in the of and the in the the of phosphatidylinositol on the of GLUT4 and on the of GLUT4 the of GLUT4 the and the the the of GLUT4 the in the to of the the membrane, the and in muscle in of we in GLUT4 but to of the of of the in in the muscle of the of GLUT4 and but of the in on on the to of class 3-kinase to the in in class IA 3-kinase and of to GLUT4 translocation to the membrane, and GLUT4 the class 3-kinase the GLUT4 class IA 3-kinase into the in in in and of the of class of 3-kinase of the of and the of the are the of GLUT4 arrival the membrane, the membrane, and of phosphoinositides are to steps GLUT4 arrival and but GLUT4 arrival and but of phosphoinositides to the of and of the and

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.