Monodisperse Starburst Oligofluorene‐Functionalized 4,4′,4″‐Tris(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐triphenylamines: Their Synthesis and Deep‐Blue Fluorescent Properties for Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Applications
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Four monodisperse starburst oligomers bearing a 4,4′,4″‐tris(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐triphenylamine (TCTA) core and six oligofluorene arms are synthesized and characterized. The lengths of oligofluorene arms vary from one to four fluorene units, giving the starburst oligomers molecular weights ranging from 3072 to 10 068 Da (1 Da = 1.66 × 10 –27 kg). All of the starburst oligomers have good film‐forming capabilities, and display bright, deep‐blue fluorescence (λ max = 395–416 nm) both in solution and in the solid state, with the quantum efficiencies of the films (Φ PL ) varying between 27 and 88 %. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that these materials have large energy gaps, and are stable for both p‐doping and n‐doping processes. Electroluminescent devices are successfully fabricated using these materials as hole‐transporting emitters, and emit deep‐blue light. Devices with luminance values up to 1025 cd m –2 at 11 V and luminous efficiencies of 0.47 cd A –1 at 100 cd m –2 have been produced, which translates to an external quantum efficiency of 1.4 %. In addition, these large‐energy‐gap starburst oligomers are good host materials for red electrophosphorescence. The luminance of the red electrophosphorescent devices is as high as 4452 cd m –2 , with a luminous efficiency of 4.31 cd A –1 at 15 mA cm –2 : This value is much higher than those obtained from the commonly used hole‐transporting materials, such as poly(vinyl carbazole) (PVK) (1.10 cd A –1 at 16 mA cm –2 ).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it