Liquid Flow Through Composite Liners due to Geomembrane Defects: Nonuniform Hydraulic Transmissivity at the Liner Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rates of liquid flow through composite liners are intimately linked with the existence of a transmissive layer between the soil liner and the geomembrane. The aim of this paper is to propose analytical solutions for estimating the rate of liquid flow through composite liners for the case where two zones of different hydraulic transmissivities coexist in the transmissive layer. Solutions are given for both the axi-symmetric and two-dimensional cases. The development of these analytical solutions is directly based on solutions that have been proposed previously for uniform hydraulic transmissivity. Results tend to show, for the simple cases evaluated, that, in situations where there is variable hydraulic transmissivity, neglecting the variability can result in a significant overestimation of the rate of liquid flow. This preliminary approach shows the importance of taking into account a realistic distribution of hydraulic transmissivity in attempts to estimate the rate of liquid flow through composite liners and highlights the need for more research in this area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".