Invasion by Two Plant Species Affects Fungal Root Colonizers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of multiple invasive plants on soil fungal communities may impact native ecosystems differently than invasion by one species alone. Native plant communities are likely to have a differential above and below ground response to invaders, and therefore understanding fungal implications of invader interactions would be useful when considering restoration strategies. We examined how invasion by European species, Dog-strangling vine or DSV (<i>Vincetoxicum rossicum</i>) (also pale swallow-wort) and garlic mustard or GM (<i>Alliaria petiolata</i>), can alter root colonization by both the total and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In two different sites in the Greater Toronto Area, we investigated fungal communities associated with each plant species in differing invasion scenarios using terminal restriction length polymorphism analysis. Fungal communities in DSV changed significantly in the presence of GM, with decreased colonization densities observed in both the total fungi (Student's <i>t</i>-test; t = 2.1, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and AMF communities (Student's <i>t</i>-test; t = 2.0, <i>p</i> = 0.03), as well as decreased overall phylotype richness of the total fungal communities associating with DSV growing in GM patches relative to those growing separately from GM in both sites (one-way ANOVA; F = 4.4, <i>p</i> = 0.02). The converse was not observed, suggesting that GM has the dominant effect on the invaded soil environment. These results suggest that multiple plant invaders influence the composition of soil fungi available to natives in a manner that is less predictable than invasion by a single species, possibly via increased carbon provision or antibiosis attributable to unique root exudates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".