Reply to "Comment on the Ages in `Paleoseismology of the Johnson Valley, Kickapoo and Homestead Valley Faults: Clustering of Earthquakes in the Eastern California Shear Zone' by T. K. Rockwell, S. Lindvall, M. Herzberg, D. Murach, T. Dawson, and G. Berger" by D. J. Huntley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We welcome Huntley's comment because it helps to bring to the forefront, for the readers of this journal, important aspects of our geochronometric methods and emphasizes the limitations of any quantitative study of geological materials and processes. Indeed, we subcontracted opticaldating analyses to Huntley when we began this dating effort (1992–1993) because Berger did not then have (until 1996) photon-stimulated luminescence (PSL), or optical, dating equipment. The comment by Huntley concerns the logarithmic model of correction for anomalous fading in feldspars (so-called anomalous because when originally discovered it could not be accounted for by normal thermal-activation-kinetics equations). The logarithmic model arises from a quantum-mechanical tunneling mechanism for the leakage of electrons from mineral–crystal traps (defects). As Aitken (1998) discussed, the validity of extrapolation of laboratory-scale logarithmic decay of luminescence to geological time has been controversial. Huntley is among the first to attempt a rigorous test of this model using independently well-dated sediments. His most recent results (with co-author Lamothe) have been submitted to the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, but we have not seen these results. Spooner (1994) tested samples of museum-specimen feldspar crystals and observed some logarithmic fading in samples representing every part of the feldspar ternary compositional diagram. The implication is that all feldspars in sediments will be plagued by this fading and will give only minimum ages by thermoluminescence (TL) or PSL. A controversy concerns whether preheating the samples can effectively correct for this fading. Spooner concluded that it could not. It is notable that high-temperature feldspars (those from volcanic rocks) have the highest fading rates (Aitken, 1985, 1998). It is …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.032 | 0.034 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".