Cadmium sorption and toxicity in autotrophic biofilms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autotrophic biofilms (periphyton) accumulate substantial quantities of metals from contaminated water. In this study, we measured the time course of biofilm cadmium sorption, examined the effects of current, biomass, and light on short-term cadmium sorption by biofilms, and tested the toxicity of cadmium to biofilm photosynthesis. The time course of cadmium sorption appeared to be a linear function of time over the 48-h measurement period. Biofilms in current [Formula: see text]2 cm·s -1 sorbed three to five times more cadmium than biofilms in still water. Cadmium sorbed after 4 h was 75% greater in high-biomass biofilm (2.5 mg dry mass·cm -2 ) than in low-biomass biofilm (0.5 mg dry mass·cm -2 ), but only in moving water. Light enhanced the sorption of cadmium 40% in one biofilm type. Cadmium toxicity to photo synthesis was evident after 24 h in thin biofilms exposed to initial cadmium concentrations [Formula: see text]10 μg·L -1 ; photosynthesis by thicker biofilms was not significantly impaired even at the highest concentration (100 μg·L -1 ). Variations in current, biofilm biomass, and light are likely to influence the movement of metals in flowing systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".