A geometric morphometric assessment of the 'batagurine process' of testudinoid turtles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The batagurine process and associated rearward extension of the pterygoid, putative diagnostic characters of the turtle taxon Bataguridae, are evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Visual examination of 28 testudinoid turtles, representing each of the three clades within the taxon, showed the presence of a possible batagurine process and rearward extension of the pterygoid in the majority of specimens, but identification of the batagurine process sensu stricto was not able to be objectively established. Six landmarks on the palatal surface and sets of semi-landmarks on the basioccipital and pterygoid were digitized on photographs of the ventral surface of each skull for geometric morphometric analysis, and subjected to Generalized Procrustes and Relative Warps Analysis. No significant differences in basioccipital, pterygoid or palate shape between the three taxa were found, and the Relative Warps Analysis of the Procrustes coordinates revealed no separation of taxa on relative warps one or two for any of the data sets. The batagurine process and accompanying posterior extension of the pterygoid are thus of questionable phylogenetic utility in the separation of the Bataguridae from other testudinoid turtles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".