Visual characterization of the extracellular matrix of <i>Cochliobolus heterostrophus</i> and a mutant strain with a modified matrix
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) and a film secreted outside the layers were visualized on germlings of Cochliobolus heterostrophus Drechsler grown on glass slides, cellophane membranes, and the surface of maize leaves. A mutant of C. heterostrophus, less virulent than the wild type, possessed the inner layer of ECM and the film, but not the outer layer. Using cytochemical and morphological methods, we explored the hypothesis that the reduced virulence of the mutant in leaves was due to the absence of the outer layer of the ECM. All ECMs were characterized using ruthenium red fixation, cryopreservation, immunocytochemistry, and colloidal gold labeling, before being examined with light and electron microscopy. With immunocytochemistry, antigens were localized in islands stained with ruthenium red within the scaffolding of the outer layer of the wild-type ECM on leaf surfaces and within the leaf. In the mutant, antigens were localized in the film on leaf surfaces. Comparisons between leaves infected by the two strains showed hyphae to be enclosed within material interpreted to be host response within intercellular spaces of leaves infected by the mutant, but not the wild type.Key words: Cochliobolus, cytochemistry, extracellular matrix, microscopy, mutant, virulence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".