Dopaminergic Regulation of Brain Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Male Goldfish during Spawning Behavior
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dopaminergic regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) concentrations in discrete brain areas of male goldfish was studied using the centrally active dopaminergic agonist apomorphine and antagonist pimozide. Pimozide caused time- and dose-dependent increases in serum gonadotropin levels and accumulation of GnRH in the olfactory bulbs, telencephalon and pituitary. The effects of pimozide were partially antagonized by apomorphine, which, when given alone, did not influence basal levels of brain GnRH and serum gonadotropin, but inhibited the increases in brain GnRH and serum gonadotropin levels that normally occur in response to spawning stimuli from prostaglandin-treated females. To study the physiological significance of the accumulation of brain GnRH due to central dopaminergic receptor blockade, the influences of pimozide on the brain GnRH and serum gonadotropin responses of male goldfish to spawning stimuli were tested. Pimozide pretreatment potentiated the serum gonadotropin increases and caused a marked reduction in the GnRH levels in olfactory bulbs, telencephalon and pituitary in response to spawning stimuli. These findings demonstrate that the central dopaminergic system is an important inhibitory component in the regulatory circuitry of brain GnRH levels in normal and behaviorally stimulated male goldfish.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".