Fungi associated with roots of cucumber grown in different greenhouse root substrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydroponic soilless culture systems are commonly used in the greenhouse industry to mitigate soilborne root pathogens, but root diseases continue to be a major problem. A thorough knowledge of the root zone ecology of greenhouse crops is needed for the successful biological control of root diseases. The objectives of this study were to characterize the fungi associated with symptomless cucumber roots grown using different greenhouse substrates and to determine the effects of these fungi on plant growth. A total of 1250 fungal isolates were collected from cucumber roots grown in soil, rockwool, sawdust, or nutrient film and identified to genus and species. There was a greater density of fungal colonies on roots grown in soil than on roots grown in other substrates. Penicillium (87.2% of all isolates), Trichoderma (4.6%), and Pythium (3.0%) were the most common genera isolated from the cucumber roots. The two most common species were Penicillium oxalicum Currie & Thom (69.9%) and Penicillium janthinellum Biourge(13.4%). Pythium group F, Pythium group G, Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp., and Pythium irregulare Buisman were also isolated from healthy cucumber roots and all except Pythium group F were pathogenic to germinating cucumber seedlings. Treatment of cucumber seeds with Penicillium spp. resulted in significantly greater shoot length, root length, and seedling fresh weight of the resulting cucumber seedlings than did treatment with Trichoderma spp. One isolate of Penicillium janthinellum and one of Aspergillus sp. significantly improved survival of cucumber seedlings growing in a Pythium aphanidermatum-infested medium.Key words: hydroponics, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Pythium, Cucumis sativus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".