Determining numbers of active carabid beetles per unit area from pitfall‐trap data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Movement of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) was studied in the laboratory, and a simulation model developed. The model was calibrated and validated using mark‐release‐recapture within a grid of pitfall traps in a commercial raspberry field. Rate of movement increased linearly with both temperature and starvation. The temperature threshold for movement, pooling all starvation levels was 3.8 °C ± 0.78 (s.e.). When beetles were released at various distances from a trap in the simulation model, the probability of capture during one day was about 0.13 at a release distance of 10 cm and fell rapidly with distance and temperature. At 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C, the maximum radius sampled by a trap in one day was about 8, 17, 24, and 29 m, respectively. Density was linearly related to catch, but the slope of the line and the variance of the density estimate increased rapidly at lower temperatures. Equations for determining density per m2 (±s.d.) were developed from the model, incorporating temperature, number of beetles caught per trap, and number of traps.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".