In vitro and in vivo effects of ghrelin on luteinizing hormone and growth hormone release in goldfish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied the in vitro and in vivo effects of octanoylated goldfish ghrelin peptides (gGRL-19 and gGRL-12) on luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) release in goldfish. gGRL-19 and gGRL-12 at picomolar doses stimulated LH and GH release from dispersed goldfish pituitary cells in perifusion and static incubation. Incubation of pituitary cells for 2 h with 10 nM gGRL-12 and 1 or 10 nM gGRL-19 increased LH-beta mRNA expression, whereas only 10 nM gGRL-19 increased GH mRNA expression. Somatostatin-14 abolished the stimulatory effects of ghrelin on GH release from dispersed pituitary cells in perifusion and static culture. The GH secretagogue receptor antagonist d-Lys(3)-GHRP-6 inhibited the ghrelin-induced LH release, whereas no effects were found on stimulation of GH release by ghrelin. Intracerebroventricular injection of 1 ng/g body wt of gGRL-19 or intraperitoneal injection of 100 ng/g body wt of gGRL-19 increased serum LH levels at 60 min after injection, whereas significant increases in GH levels were found at 15 and 30 min after these treatments. Our results indicate that, in addition to its potent stimulatory actions on GH release, goldfish ghrelin peptides have the novel function of stimulating LH release in goldfish.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".