Evolution and propagation of magnetic vortices in chains of Permalloy nanospheres
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Magnetization reversal in a chain of Permalloy Fe0.2Ni0.8 spheres, whose diameters of 40–60nm are large enough to support vortex structures, is investigated using micromagnetic modeling based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations. The emphasis is on a chain of two spheres with fields applied along and perpendicular to the axis of rotational symmetry. Magnetization processes and critical fields are given for (1) inversion symmetry, with opposite senses of vortex rotation in the two spheres, and (2) a more uniform curling mode, with the sense of rotation the same in both spheres. Symmetry breaking perturbations are shown to be important in the nucleation of changes from one magnetic configuration to the next. As the geometry is approximated by cubic grid cells, whose centers lie within the boundaries of the ideally smooth surfaces, the critical fields are influenced by the grid size. The results for two spheres are generalized in the description of a chain of n spheres, in which at least 2n symmetry states can be selected by the application of inhomogeneous fields.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".