Morphology and anatomy of chasmolithic versus epilithic growth: a taxonomic revision of inconspicuous saxicolous<i>Buellia</i>species from the Sonoran Desert Region generally ascribed to the "<i>Buellia punctata</i>" group
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Six saxicolous species of Buellia, which were previously generally identified as Buellia punctata (Hoffm.) A. Massal., were examined from the Sonoran Desert. None of the species belongs to Beullia punctata s. str. Though inconspicuous, it can be demonstrated that the thallus morphology of these species is quite distinct and far less variable than previously assumed. Most species are epilithic, even though their thalli also show some degree of substrate penetration. Buellia sequax (Nyl.) Zahlbr., not previously reported from North America, is exclusively chasmolithic. Three new species with epilithic thalli, Beullia christophii Bungartz sp. nov., Beullia ryanii Bungartz sp. nov., and Beullia tergua Bungartz sp. nov., are described. Two species with filiform conidia are not treated in the genus Amandinea. We discuss why the current delimitation of this genus, based solely on conidial shape, is rejected: Buellia pullata Tuck., with filiform conidia, is consequently not transferred into Amandinea. Amandinea lecideina (H. Mayrhofer & Poelt) Scheid. & H. Mayrhofer is synonymized with Beullia prospersa (Nyl.) Riddle.Key words: North America, taxonomy, Physciaceae, Amandinea, conidia, thallus morphology, new species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".