Fetal ventriculomegaly secondary to isolated large choroid plexus cysts: prenatal findings and postnatal outcome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To report the prenatal findings and postnatal outcome of fetal ventriculomegaly associated with isolated large choroid plexus cysts (CPCs). METHOD: Cases of isolated fetal ventriculomegaly and large CPCs (>10 mm) were identified through a search of patient records from 2003 to 2006. Ultrasound (US) findings were reviewed: unilateral or bilateral ventriculomegaly, ventricular size, size of CPCs, and changes on serial scans. Correlation was made with fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pregnancy outcome, and long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Six cases of isolated large CPCs (12-30 mm) with ventriculomegaly (11-17 mm) were detected on US at 18 to 26 weeks of gestation. Serial prenatal US showed the CPCs resolved (one case) or decreased in size (five cases). Ventricular size became normal during pregnancy in five cases and decreased in size in one case. Fetal MRI performed in three cases showed no additional findings. Five patients had amniocentesis which showed normal karyotype. There was one termination of pregnancy (the fetus showed no abnormality on external examination). There were five healthy newborns, with follow-up to 4.5 years of age (one), 5.5 years (one), and 6 years (three). All had normal physical and developmental outcome. CONCLUSION: Large isolated CPCs may transiently dilate the fetal cerebral ventricles. Follow-up to 6 years has shown normal growth and development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".