Initial Development and Validation of Multicultural Counseling Competencies Scale for Malaysian School Counselors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multicultural counseling is an important aspect in counseling. The introduction of the multicultural counseling competencies was a major step to improve counseling services among school counselors. However, there is a lack of valid and reliable instrument to measure multicultural counseling competencies in Malaysian context. This initial study focuses on the development of a local instrument to assess multicultural counseling competencies among Malaysian school counselors. This instrument consists of 42 items and it was administered to 212 secondary school counselors in Negeri Sembilan and Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted in which items within initial dimensions of multicultural counseling competencies were reshuffled and checked for their psychometric properties. After series of principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis from the experts, three dimensions of multicultural counseling competencies with 28 items were formed. This paper also discusses the findings and its implication to the instrument development and the validation process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".