Expression profiling of genes associated with regulatory functions of T-cell subsets in Marek's disease virus-infected chickens
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The environment of tumours caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV) in chickens has been shown to have an immunoregulatory phenotype. The objective of the present study was to examine the expression of key T-regulatory markers during various stages of MDV pathogenesis. Specific-pathogen free (SPF) as well as major histocompatibility complex-defined chickens were infected with the RB1B and JM-16 strains of MDV, respectively. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from the spleens of infected as well as age-matched controls were sorted by flow cytometry at 4, 10, and 21 days post infection (d.p.i.). The expression of molecules such as CTLA-4, IL-2aR (CD25), PD-1 and PDL-1 was quantified by real-time, quantitative, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. There was an up-regulation of CTLA-4 in CD4(+) T cells at 4 d.p.i. The expression of PD-1 was also up-regulated in the CD4(+) T-cell subset of SPF birds at 21 d.p.i. Furthermore, the expression of PD-1 was enhanced in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells of genetically susceptible chickens, linking this molecule to susceptibility to disease. The expression of CD25 was down-regulated in both SPF and genetically defined birds after infection. This may be a mechanism through which the virus exerts its immunosuppressive effects. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide more insight into immunomodulatory processes that occur in the lymphoid tissues of MDV-infected chickens.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it