The Occurrence of PVY<sup>O</sup>, PVY<sup>N</sup>, and PVY<sup>N:O</sup> Strains of <i>Potato virus Y</i> in Certified Potato Seed Lot Trials in Washington and Oregon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Totals of 960 and 286 certified potato seed lots from locations across North America were planted in trials in Washington and Oregon, respectively, in 2001 to 2003 and tested for strains of Potato virus Y (PVY). The incidence of PVY O -infected lots averaged 16.4 and 25.9% in the Washington and Oregon trials, respectively. There was a general trend of increasing incidence of the PVY O , PVY N:O , and PVY N strains during this period, as evidenced by more infected cultivars, sites of seed origin, and number of seed growers providing infected seed lots. In particular, there was a dramatic increase in seed lots with the PVY N:O strain from 2002 to 2003. PVY N:O , in contrast to PVY O , which only causes yield reduction, also causes internal and external damage to tubers, making them unmarketable. In 2003, PVY N:O occurred in seed lots originating in eight states and three Canadian provinces. The increased incidence of PVY N:O was likely due to the difficulty in differentiating this strain from PVY O . The prevalence of PVY in potato seed lots documented herein poses a threat to potato production in the United States and suggests that current measures to reduce the incidence of this virus are inadequate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".