Intravenous rt-PA therapy for acute ischemic stroke: efficacy and limitations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
After the success of the 1995 National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) study using intravenous (i.v.) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA, alteplase) within 3 hours in acute stroke, this therapy was approved worldwide and has been a standard therapy for acute stroke patients. In Japan, IV alteplase at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg was approved in 2005 after a multicenter study using this low dose of alteplase (Japan Alteplase Clinical Trial [J-ACT]). IV rt-PA can drastically improve stroke outcomes. However, more than half of treated patients are not independent in the chronic stage. In addition, the therapeutic time window was so limited that many stroke patients do not have a chance to receive the therapy. In 2008, European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III showed that IV rt-PA administered between 3 and 4.5 hours after stroke onset significantly improved clinical outcomes in stroke patients; the success resulted in the renewal of recommendation in guidelines in Europe, Canada, and the United States. Several therapeutic strategies, including endovascular therapy, sonothrombolysis, and neuroprotective therapy, may improve the efficacy of IV rt-PA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".