Presentation and course of Type 2 diabetes in youth in a large multi‐ethnic city
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To review the clinical experience of children and teens diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at a paediatric hospital serving a large urban multi-ethnic population. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients with T2DM followed in the diabetes clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) over an 8-year period. Patients who were included were younger than 18, referred at the onset of diabetes, and where presentation and/or clinical course was 'typical' of T2DM. RESULTS: Of 1020 children with diabetes followed at HSC, 4% were identified as having T2DM in 2002. There was a sixfold increase in new cases from 1994 to 2002. The mean age at diagnosis was 13.5 +/- 2.2 years (range 8.8-17.5) with a female-to-male ratio of 1.7. Most had a first- or second-degree relative with T2DM. There was an overrepresentation of children with T2DM from Asian and African Canadian ethnic groups relative to the regional population. The majority of teens were asymptomatic at presentation, with a smaller number in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis. Mean HbA1c at diagnosis was 10 +/- 3.4%. Approximately one half of patients were initially treated by diet and exercise with many requiring intensification of therapy over a short period of time. CONCLUSIONS: We report a similar increase in T2DM incidence and clinical presentation at HSC to other clinic reports in large North American urban centres. Of note is the high prevalence of children of South/South-East Asian descent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".