Nickel and copper tolerance of phytoplankton isolated from a recovering lake near Sudbury, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current study compares the tolerance, to Ni and Cu, of three species of phytoplankton, Urosolenia eriensis , Cosmarium minimum and Scenedesmus acutus , isolated from Alice Lake, Sudbury, Canada. An attempt was made to determine if metal tolerance is related to the presence and abundance of these species in the lake. Alice Lake was subjected to 60 years of Ni and Cu pollution from a nearby Ni–Cu smelter. After the closure in 1972, the air quality improved immediately and water quality began to improve by the late 1970s and early 1980s. Phytoplankton, which had been all but absent from the lake, had reappeared by the mid-1980s. Metal tolerance was measured in defined media allowing the computer modelling of speciation described as ‘free’ Ni and Cu. Nickel tolerance was compared with ambient lake water concentrations and the presence of each species. The order of tolerance for Ni was U. eriensis > C. minimum > S. acutus . All species had similar tolerance to Cu. Differences in tolerance alone did not explain the shifts in species dominance within Alice Lake. These results emphasize the difficulties with using laboratory trace-metal tolerance estimates to interpret ecological field observations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".