Measured depth of subcutaneous tissue on posterolateral arm of omalizumab patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Omalizumab is a humanized antibody utilized for patients with moderate/severe allergic asthma. There is an estimated risk of anaphylaxis to omalizumab in 0.1% of patients. Omalizumab should be received in the subcutaneous tissue of the mid-posterolateral upper arm. There may be an increased risk of anaphylaxis if injections are received intramuscularly (IM). In our clinic, omalizumab is given with BD Eclipse™ Needle , which is routinely provided with the drug and has needle length 16mm. If a patient has a skin to muscle depth (STMD) less than 16mm, there is a risk of omalizumab being injected IM. We reviewed charts in an allergy clinic where an ultrasound of the left posterolateral arm was completed to measure STMD. Patients were divided into two groups based on their STMD (>16 mm and ≤16 mm) and baseline characteristics were compared. We conducted multivariable linear regression with age, sex, BMI and race. The percentages of patients with STMD greater than 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm were determined. Ultrasounds were completed on 40 patients receiving omalizumab. Three (7.5%) patients examined had >16 mm of STMD. Baseline characteristics were consistent between the groups except for BMI ( p < 0.05). Sex and BMI correlated with STMD based on the linear regression analysis. Also, 35 (87.5%) patients had >4 mm STMD. With provided omalizumab needles, the risk of anaphylaxis may be increased as the injections may be given IM. By reducing the needle length to 4 mm, the risk will likely be reduced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".