Formation of iron nodules in a Hapludult of central Taiwan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study compared iron nodules with their matrix materials in a Hapludult from central Taiwan. Mineralogy and 14 C ages of the iron nodules were compared with their associated matrix materials. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and accelerated mass spectroscopy (AMS). Hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) and illite were the major clay minerals in the soil matrix, but illite and kaolinite were dominant in the iron nodules. Clay mineralogy of iron nodules revealed more intense weathering process than the surrounding soil matrix. 14 C dates showed that the age of saprolite and iron nodules were similar, and were both much older than those of the soil matrix. It is suggested that iron nodules developed from residuum of the Tertiary shale (saprolite). During pedogenesis, saprolite acted as a nucleus, where Fe coated on its surface was transferred to form iron nodules. Key words: 14 C dates, iron nodules, saprolite, soil matrix, Ultisol
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".