Effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility in pea and supplementing amylase and xylanase to raw, extruded or micronized pea-based diets on performance of early-weaned pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of heat processing on nutrient digestibility and of both processing and exogenous feed enzymes on growth performance of 16-d-old weaned piglets fed pea-based diets. In exp. 1, 12 Cotswold pigs [4.5 ± 0.5 kg initial body weight (BW)] fitted with simple-T cannulae were used to determine apparent and standardized ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities in raw, extruded, and micronized peas supplemented with amylase and xylanase. In exp. 2, 70 16-d-old weaned pigs were randomly assigned to a soybean-meal- (SBM)-based control and six pea-based diets during two consecutive periods (Phase 1, 4.5–10.0, Phase 2, 10.0–20.0 kg BW). The pea- (raw, extruded and micronized) based diets were fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Pigs were weighed weekly and feed intake was monitored daily. Blood samples were obtained from 10 pigs per treatment on days 0, 7 and 14 for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) analysis. Heat processing improved (P < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of most AAs, including lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine in extruded and micronized peas, but not raw peas. The AID was higher (P < 0.05) in enzyme-supplemented extruded and micronized peas than in raw peas. Micronization improved (P < 0.05) AID of lysine from 82 to 91%. The standardized ileal digestibilities (SID) of arginine, lysine, methionine and threonine were higher (P < 0.05) in extruded and micronized pea-based diets than in raw pea-based diets. Mean AID of indispensable AA was numerically improved (P < 0.08) from 79 to 88.0% following micronization. Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) from 1.4 to 1.20 by supplementing raw pea-based diet with amylase and xylanase in phase 1. Supplementing raw pea-based diet with enzyme resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) PUN levels from 9.01 to 5.73 mg dL-1. The results demonstrate that compared to raw peas, extrusion and micronization improved AA digestibilities of amylase and xylanase supplemented pea-based diets and efficiency of feed utilization from 4.5 to 10.0 kg BW. However, feed intake and growth performance were not affected. Key words: Amylase, xylanase, early-weaned pig, amino acids, micronization, extrusion, digestibilities
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".