Central and peripheral factors in thermal, neuromuscular, and perceptual adaptation of the hand to repeated cold exposures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the role of central and peripheral factors in repeated cold exposure of the hand and their effects on temperature response, neuromuscular function, and subjective thermal sensation. Eleven subjects immersed their left hand repeatedly in 8 degrees C cold water for 30 min, 5 d/week, for 2 weeks. Before and following the 2 weeks of exposure, neuromuscular function, blood markers, thermal sensation, and temperature responses of both acclimated (left) and control (right) hands were tested. Minimum index finger temperature pre-acclimation was 10.9 +/- 3.4 degrees C and 10.0 +/- 2.0 degrees C in the left and right hand, respectively, and did not change significantly post-acclimation (left, 12.8 +/- 4.2 degrees C; right, 10.2 +/- 1.1 degrees C). Neuromuscular function was impaired with cooling, but this was significantly different neither between the hands nor over time. Central factors, measured by catecholamines and changes in temperature and cardiovascular response over time, did not change and there were no differences in responses between the exposed and non-exposed hand over time (peripheral adaptation) nor were there any differences in local factors endothelial-1 and nitric oxide. Subjective thermal comfort was improved and the discrepancy that was found between the change in actual and perceived temperature may increase the risk of cold injury in partially acclimatized individuals, owing to an adjustment in behavioural thermoregulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".