Family Management Styles Related to Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapy From Adults Who Are Acutely Ill or Injured
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to define family management styles (FMSs) and determine distinctive characteristics of each FMS used by families participating in the process of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy from a family member with an unexpected, life-threatening illness or injury. A total of 56 family members of 19 families participated in interviews and observations. Data were managed and analyzed maintaining a family focus, and each family was first examined for within family patterns of management, then compared to other families to identify differing patterns. A typology of five FMSs emerged: progressing, accommodating, maintaining, struggling, and floundering. Within this typology, dimensions emerged describing the families' varying definitions of the situations, management behaviors, and consequences. FMSs were constructed through typifying how these dimensions differed across families. Understanding FMSs can aid health care providers as families are assessed and interventions are planned.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".