On the temperature dependence of the primary yield and the product <i>G</i>ε<sub>max</sub> of hydrated electrons in the low-LET radiolysis of liquid water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to calculate the temperature dependence of the primary hydrated electron yield (Ge aq - ) for liquid water irradiated by low linear-energy-transfer radiation (LET ~ 0.3 keV µm 1 ) in the range 25325°C. Calculations are carried out by taking properly into account the effect of the time and temperature dependencies of the water dielectric constant on the electroncation geminate recombination. Our computed Ge aq - values slightly increase with increasing temperature, in good agreement with experiment. The product Ge aq - ε max (e aq - ), estimated by using existing experimental data of the maximum molar extinction coefficient ε max (e aq - ), remains nearly constant or slightly increases, depending on the temperature dependence chosen for ε max . Our Ge aq - ε max (e aq - ) values compare generally well with most experimental data, as well as with the predictions of deterministic diffusion-kinetic model calculations. Moreover, our results indicate that the static dielectric constant of water (ε s ) does not play any significant role on the electroncation recombination at early times. Such a finding is inconsistent with the interpretation, proposed by certain authors in the literature, that Ge aq - should in fact decrease as temperature is increased because of an increased electroncation geminate recombination due to a lowering of ε s . Finally, the temperature dependence of the hydrated electron yields, calculated at various times between 10 ps and 1 µs, shows that at low LET, the time required to establish homogeneous chemistry in the bulk of the solution is ~10 6 s in the range ~25100°C, and that this time diminishes to ~10 7 s at higher temperatures. Key words: liquid water, radiolysis, temperature, hydrated electron (e aq - ), radiolytic yields, electroncation geminate recombination, dielectric constant, molar extinction coefficient of e aq - , homogenization time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".