An examination of the spring 1997 mid‐latitude east pacific sea surface temperature anomaly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We seek to document and explain the lifecycle of the warm Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly that intensified and weakened off the west coast of the United States to peak anomalies of 4°C during April‐June 1997. We use remotely sensed observational data and model analyses to compute an energy budget for the warm anomaly. The bulk of the anomalous warming was confined to the top 50 m of ocean and occurred during May. The immediate cause for the warming was twofold: latent heat fluxes decreased in magnitude as a result of both lower wind speeds and positive moisture anomalies, while the net radiative flux into the ocean increased as a result of lower than normal fractional cloud coverage. During June, the wind speed strengthened and became northerly, resulting in larger than normal latent and sensible heat fluxes that weakened the SST anomaly. Examination of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 1000‐mb geopotential height for May shows that the Aleutian low extended far south of its usual position and was responsible for the weaker southerly winds and suppressed latent heat fluxes in the warm anomaly area. Finally, we note that the near simultaneous appearance of this warm anomaly in conjunction with warm El Niño waters off Peru makes El Niño an unlikely trigger for the northeast Pacific warm anomaly. We suggest a possible alternative scenario in which both events are remotely triggered by the intraseasonal oscillation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".