Motor cortex injury has different behavioral and anatomical effects in early and late adolescence.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although there are many studies investigating the effects of early cortical injury on brain and behavioral development in laboratory animals, there are virtually no studies examining the effects of cortical injury in adolescence. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of unilateral motor cortex lesion received in early and late adolescence periods (Postnatal days 35 and 55 [P35, P55]) on spontaneous neural reorganization and behavioral recovery in adulthood. Rats were given unilateral motor cortex lesions at P35 or P55 and their motor behaviors were compared to sham controls in adulthood. The results of behavioral tests (skilled reaching, postural asymmetry, sunflower seed manipulation, forepaw inhibition in swimming) revealed that rats with P35 lesions had significant functional deficits whereas the rats with P55 lesions showed nearly complete recovery. Golgi-Cox analysis of pyramidal neurons showed bilateral hypertrophy of dendritic fields in the remaining sensorimotor cortex in P55 but not P35 rat brains. Thus, there appears to be an age-related pattern of morphological and behavioral changes in response to cortical injury in the early and late adolescent periods leading to better functional recovery from later injuries, much as is seen in human children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".