Prevalence of Blepharospasm and Apraxia of Eyelid Opening in Patients with Parkinsonism, Cervical Dystonia and Essential Tremor
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of blepharospasm (BSP), with and without apraxia of eyelid opening (AEO), in patients with parkinsonism, cervical dystonia (CD), and essential tremor (ET). BSP, with or without AEO, is associated with parkinsonism. There have been several reports of BSP in other dystonic conditions, but few looked at the incidence of BSP in ET patients. This study included 659 patients of which 357 had parkinsonism (276 idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and 81 atypical parkinsonism (57 progressive supranuclear palsy; 11 multiple system atrophy 13 corticobasal degeneration)), 274 had ET, 22 had CD, and 6 had spinocerebellar ataxia. Our results indicate that BSP (with or without AEO) was more prevalent in atypical parkinsonism (6 out of 81, 7.41%) than IPD (9 out of 276, 3.26%). The study also followed 10 (of the 28) patients with BSP to screen for the development of other movement disorders - of these, 2 developed Parkinson's disease. We conclude then that BSP is common in parkinsonism and that BSP is more prevalent in atypical parkinsonism. We also conclude that BSP is not a common feature in ET patients (0 out of 274 patients reported BSP symptoms).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it