A CMOS rectifier with an extended high-efficiency region of operation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A CMOS rectifier with a wide input signal range for radio-frequency identification (RFID) applications is presented. Using quasi-floating gate technique, a gate-biasing scheme is proposed to provide a relatively flat power conversion efficiency (PCE) curve for a wide input voltage (power) range. The proposed technique also enables an efficient operation for input voltage levels well below the standard threshold voltage of the MOS switching transistors. Appropriate bias voltages for different stages of the rectifier are generated through a chain of low-power bandgap reference generators which impose minimal power and area overhead. The proposed rectifier architecture is designed and laid out in a standard 0.13-μm CMOS technology. For a 2.4 GHz RF input frequency and 30 kΩ output load, post-layout simulation results of the circuit show that a maximum PCE of 66.7% is achieved for an input signal with an amplitude (power) of 0.45 V (-8 dBm). While a high PCE of 60% is achieved for input voltage (power) levels as low as 0.25 V (-15 dBm), PCE maintains above 60% for a wide input voltage (power) range from 0.25 V to 0.7 V (-15 dBm to -3 dBm).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".