Polymer–CO<sub>2</sub> systems exhibiting retrograde behavior and formation of nanofoams
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The sorption of compressed gases in polymers causing a reduction in the glass transition temperature ( T g ) is well established. There is, however, limited information on polymer–gas systems with favorable interactions, producing a unique retrograde behavior. This paper reports on using a combination of established techniques of in situ gravimetric and stepwise heat capacity ( C p ) measurements using high‐pressure differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to demonstrate the occurrence of this behavior in acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS)–CO 2 and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (sPMMA)–CO 2 systems. The solubility and diffusion coefficient of CO 2 in the range 0 to 65 °C and pressures up to 5.5 MPa were determined, which resulted in a heat of sorption of − 15.5 and − 15 kJ mol −1 , and an activation energy for diffusion of 28.3 and 32.1 kJ mol −1 in the two systems, respectively. The fundamental kinetic data and the changes in C p of the polymer–gas systems were used to determine the plasticization glass transition temperature profile, its relationship to the amount of gas dissolved in the polymer, and hence the formation of nano‐morphologies. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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