Bibliographic record
Abstract
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is an acquired inelastic scar of the tunica albuginea of the penis, resulting in penile pain, curvature and other deformities, and sexual dysfunction, as well as significant psychological morbidity and relationship/partner issues. Contemporary data suggest an incidence of one in 20 men, with peak occurrence between ages of 50–55 years. Initial diagnosis of PD is made by thorough medical history and examination of the external genitalia; early referal to an urologist experienced in PD management is recommended. Evidence for nonsurgical treatment options is limited; the most commonly used, vitamin E, has not been shown to have benefit over placebo. Recent double-blinded placebo-controlled evidence suggests a role for oral pentoxifylline as a first-line agent. Intralesional injection therapy with verapamil is a frequently utilized option, as first- or second-line treatment, or in combination with other modalities. IFN-β2b injections into the penile plaque have also shown benefit over placebo in decreasing penile curvature, plaque size, penile pain and plaque density. Penile traction is currently under investigation for a potential role in PD management. The gold standard treatment for clinically significant deformity after PD has stabilized remains surgery. Several surgical options are available, including minimally invasive plication procedures, incision of the plaque and grafting or a penile prosthesis (when concurrent treatment-resistant erectile dysfunction is present).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".