Photocuring and Photolithography of Proton-Conducting Polymers Bearing Weak and Strong Acids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of novel conformable proton-conducting thin films has been prepared from photocurable liquid polyelectrolytes. Films prepared in such a fashion show promise for engineering unconventionally shaped proton-exchange membranes using photolithographic techniques. These films are semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPN) comprising a linear proton-conducting guest polymer, sulfonated poly[ether ether ketone] (S-PEEK), in the presence of a statistically cross-linked host polymer matrix comprising divinyl sulfone, vinylphosphonic acid, and acrylonitrile. Film properties ranging from brittle and fragile to robust and flexible have been obtained, depending on the ratio of host/guest composition used. The extent of dissociation of the weak acid component, vinylphosphonic acid, is strongly dependent on the S-PEEK content. Proton conductivity, water content, and lambda values are dependent on the membrane composition and degree of cross-linking. Proton conductivities similar to those of pure S-PEEK, ∼0.07 S/cm, have been observed for a semi-IPN containing as little as 35 wt % S-PEEK.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".