Adding lisinopril to losartan increased hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury in type 2 diabetes and proteinuria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ACP Journal Club18 March 2014Adding lisinopril to losartan increased hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury in type 2 diabetes and proteinuriaCatherine M. Clase, MB, BChir, Johannes F.E. Mann, MDCatherine M. Clase, MB, BChirMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C., J.F.M.)Search for more papers by this author, Johannes F.E. Mann, MDMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C., J.F.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-160-6-201403180-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationFried LF, Emanuele N, Zhang JH, et al; VA NEPHRON-D Investigators. Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1892-903. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24206457Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: Nephrology: References1 Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1456-62. [PMID: 8413456] Google Scholar2 Kunz R, Friedrich C, Wolbers M, Mann JF. Meta-analysis: effect of monotherapy and combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system on proteinuria in renal disease. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:30-48. [PMID: 17984482] Google Scholar3 Parving HH, Brenner BM, McMurray JJ, et al; ALTITUDE Investigators. Cardiorenal end points in a trial of aliskiren for type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2204-13. [PMID: 23121378] Google Scholar4 Makani H, Bangalore S, Desouza KA, Shah A, Messerli FH. Efficacy and safety of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system: meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2013;346:f360. [PMID: 23358488] Google Scholar5 Pergola PE, Raskin P, Toto RD, et al; BEAM Study Investigators. Bardoxolone methyl and kidney function in CKD with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:327-36. [PMID: 21699484] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.M.C., J.F.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 March 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPotential Usefulness of Losartan as an Antifibrotic Agent and Adjunct to Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy to Improve Muscle Healing and Cartilage Repair and Prevent Adhesion Formation 18 March 2014Volume 160, Issue 6Page: JC3KeywordsACE inhibitorsAcute renal failureCreatinineProteinuriaRenal failureRenal physiologySafetyType 2 diabetes ePublished: 18 March 2014 Issue Published: 18 March 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".