The Rescue of Joshua Glover: A Fugitive Slave, the Constitution, and the Coming of the Civil War. By H. Robert Baker. (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2006. xiv, 260 pp. $38.95, ISBN 978-0-8214-1690-7.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
H. Robert Baker provides an exemplary case study of the events leading up to the undeservedly obscure Supreme Court decision in Ableman v. Booth (1859). The case began with the liberation of Joshua Glover, a fugitive slave, in Wisconsin. Baker recounts the events surrounding Glover's capture and freeing, but the book's real contribution comes in its account of what happened after Glover left the scene, relocating to Canada. After leading the effort to liberate Glover, Sherman Booth was indicted in federal court for his role in Glover's escape. Booth challenged his conviction not by appealing within the federal court system but by seeking a writ of habeas corpus from the Wisconsin state courts. Directly challenging the supremacy of the federal courts in interpreting the Constitution, the Wisconsin Supreme Court held that it had the power to order federal officials to release Booth and did exactly that. The U.S. Supreme Court unsurprisingly reversed the state court, holding that it could not command federal officials to release Booth even if it believed that Booth's conviction and detention violated the Constitution. In the aftermath, Booth was accused in a case of sexual abuse. He was acquitted, but his credibility was “shredded“ (p. 166). Jailed in Milwaukee, Booth escaped with his friends' assistance and remained at large for two months. President James Buchanan pardoned him on March 11, 1861.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.027 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".