Modelling nutrient transport and transformation by pool‐breeding amphibians in forested landscapes using a 21‐year dataset
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Migrations of animals can transfer energy and nutrients through and among terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Pool‐breeding amphibians, such as the wood frog ( Lithobates sylvaticus ), make annual breeding migrations to ephemeral wetlands in forest habitats in the eastern and midwestern United States and Canada. To model the influence of wood frogs on nutrient transport and transformation through time, we coupled long‐term population monitoring data (1985–2005) from a wood frog population with estimates of the elemental composition of wood frog egg masses and emerging juveniles. Over the 21‐year study period, 8.8 kg carbon (C), 2.0 kg nitrogen (N) and 0.20 kg phosphorus (P) were transported from the terrestrial to the aquatic habitat and approximately 21 kg C, 5.5 kg N and 1.2 kg P were exported to the surrounding terrestrial habitat by wood frogs. During the study period, the average net flux of C, N and P was from aquatic to terrestrial habitats, but the magnitude and direction of the net flux was element dependent. Thus, the net flux of C, N and P did not always flow in the same direction. Predicting long‐term trends in nutrient and energy flux by organisms with biphasic life cycles should rely on long‐term population data to account for temporal variability. This is especially true for organisms that are sensitive to long‐term shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns, such as amphibians that breed in ephemeral pools.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".