Radical Propagation Kinetics of <i>N</i>‐Vinylpyrrolidone in Organic Solvents Studied by Pulsed‐Laser Polymerization–Size‐Exclusion Chromatography (PLP–SEC)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pulsed‐laser polymerization with subsequent analysis of the polymer molar mass distribution by size‐exclusion chromatography, PLP–SEC, is used to measure the propagation rate coefficient, k p , of N ‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) in a series of organic solvents, varying the NVP concentration from 5 to 100 wt% and varying the temperature between –5 and +80 °C. In contrast to the 20‐fold increase observed in aqueous solution upon decreasing the NVP concentration from bulk to dilute conditions, the k p values of NVP in butyl acetate, iso ‐propyl acetate, N ‐ethylpyrrolidone, and N ‐ethylformamide stay within 20% of the bulk value and exhibit no significant dependence on monomer concentration. The k p behavior of NVP in methanol and n ‐butanol is intermediate between the one in water and in the other organic solvents, with k p increasing by about a factor of 2 upon lowering the monomer concentration from bulk to 5 wt% NVP. The activation energies for propagation in organic solvents agree within experimental uncertainty with the value reported for bulk NVP. The data demonstrate that hydrogen bonding is responsible for the increase in k p upon dilution, with this effect being much stronger in an aqueous environment than in a solution of alcohol. image
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it