Molecular pathology parameters in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To derive a better understanding of the biologic behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the authors evaluated a number of molecular variables to address the hypothesis that p53 dysfunction in NPC is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), increased tumor angiogenesis, lower likelihood of apoptosis, and poorer clinical outcome. MATERIALS: The biopsy samples from 87 NPC patients were obtained and sections were made to detect EBV, using in-situ hybridization; the authors used immunohistochemistry to assess p53, p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression, and microvessel density count (MVD). In situ end labelling was used to evaluate apoptosis and necrosis. Analyses were conducted on the association between each of these variables as well as clinical outcome, including survival and local control. RESULTS: There was a highly significant association between EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) positivity with p53 over-expression in that only 1 out of 32 p53 over-expressing tumors was EBER negative, as opposed to 19 out of 48 p53 negative tumors being EBER negative (P = 0.001). In addition, EBER positivity was highly associated with World Health Organization (WHO) type 3 NPC, Asian/Chinese ethnicity, a lower apoptotic index, and p21 over-expression. p53 over-expression was associated with a higher MVD count. Controlling for age and nodal status, EBER positivity was associated with both improved overall survival (P = 0.02), and disease-free survival (P = 0.04). In contrast, the presence of tumor necrosis was associated with an inferior local control (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: p53 protein was over-expressed in approximately one third of NPC samples in the current study, and this correlated significantly with the presence of EBER. Epstein-Barr virus status was also associated with WHO type 3 NPC, Asian/Chinese ethnicity, and induction of p21. The presence of EBV appeared to predict for improved survival, the mechanism of which remains to be elucidated in this biologically complex disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".