A high-speed-modulated retro-reflector for lasers using an acousto-optic modulator
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have used an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to impose a frequency-modulated signal on an incident laser beam. The incident laser beam is focussed into the AOM where it undergoes Bragg diffraction and is then retro-reflected. The diffracted beam is also retro-reflected so that it is diffracted again by the AOM and overlaps the incident beam. The overlapped beams are frequency shifted with respect to each other. These features allow us to detect the frequency-modulated signal with high signal-to-noise ratio using heterodyne detection. Since the optical setup is simple and can be made very compact, this device may be ideal for certain forms of high-speed, free-space optical communication. We demonstrate a 1 MHz data transmission rate in the Bragg regime. We measured the acceptance angle of the device and find that it is limited only by the divergence of the focussed laser beam and the divergence of the acoustic waves in the AOM crystal. We have also studied the range of acoustic frequencies and drive power of the AOM, for which the retro-reflected beam can be detected with adequate signal to noise. PACS Nos.: 42.60.V, 42.62.Cf, 42.62.Fi, 42.79.Sz, 42.79.Hp
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it