Asymptomatic infection, and distribution of<i>Ophiostoma mitovirus 3a</i>(OMV3a), in populations of<i>Sclerotinia homoeocarpa</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One hundred and sixteen isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa from nine locations in southwestern Ontario and one location in Nova Scotia were assessed for the presence of a hypovirulence-associated mitovirus, Ophiostoma mitovirus 3a (OMV3a). Two detection methods, nucleic acid extraction with gel electrophoresis (NAE–GE) and reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), were employed. Phenotype, growth rate, and virulence of isolates were also assessed. OMV3a was detected in four isolates (3.4%), using both the standard NAE–GE method and the RT–PCR method. The four isolates displayed reduced colony growth and virulence, and they were considered to be symptomatic, hypovirulent isolates infected by OMV3a. In the remaining 112 isolates, OMV3a was detected in 53 isolates by RT–PCR only. These isolates displayed typical colony growth and virulence, and they were considered to have asymptomatic infections by the virus. OMV3a was not detected by either method in 59 isolates that displayed typical colony growth and virulence; these isolates were considered to be free of infection by the virus. OMV3a was detected from 8 of 10 locations, all in Ontario, and in 17% to 100% of S. homoeocarpa isolates at these locations. Vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were previously determined for these isolates, and OMV3a was detected in 66%, 54%, and 19% of the isolates from VCGs B, A, and G, respectively, which were the three most prevalent. The results demonstrated that OMV3a was present in isolates with and without the characteristic symptoms of hypovirulence and that it was widely distributed in southwestern Ontario and in isolates from the three most prevalent VCGs detected among these isolates. This is the first report of widespread asymptomatic infections by a hypovirulence-related virus in populations of a fungal plant pathogen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".