CRYOGENIC RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES IN THE SYSTEM NaCl-CaCl2-H2O AND IMPLICATIONS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE PHASE BEHAVIOR IN AQUEOUS FLUID INCLUSIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The character of Raman spectra in the O–H stretching region collected at low temperatures (~–180°C) from fine-grained aggregates of ice and salt hydrate (hydrohalite or antarcticite or both) in the system H2O–NaCl–CaCl2 reflects the composition of the parent solution and can be used to estimate the ratio of NaCl to CaCl2 in the system. Comparison of these spectra with spectra collected from moderate-salinity natural fluid inclusions from the Oregon 3 granitic pegmatite, Colorado, allows non-destructive testing, and confirmation that these inclusions contain CaCl2, as inferred from microthermometry. In both synthetic solutions in the H2O–NaCl–CaCl2 system and in natural fluid inclusions, Raman spectra collected after initial freezing indicate the presence of ice, but not salt hydrates. Upon warming, a phase change is observed at temperatures of between –70 and –50°C that appears as a darkening of the inclusion and that, during routine microthermometry, could be interpreted as a eutectic melting event. Raman spectra collected after this event indicate that it represents the crystallization of salt hydrates (hydrohalite and antarcticite), which we suggest occurs from an interstitial, hypersaline liquid. Many of the low “eutectic ” temperatures reported in the literature may thus not represent first melting (stable or metastable), and inferences made about the composition of fluid inclusions from such measurements may be erroneous.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".