Response of vegetation communities in three Lake Huron fens to historical water level fluctuations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Historical changes in wetland classes in three shoreline fens, Baie du Dore, Oliphant, and Howdenvale, along the eastern shoreline of Lake Huron were analyzed to determine responses to fluctuating water levels. Wetland classes (lake, floating emergent, emergent marsh, meadow marsh, fen, and exposed substrate) were delineated through interpretation of aerial photographs for the period 1938 to 1995. Scan vectorization was used to develop a digital data base of wetland classes. Spatial and temporal analyses, conducted in a Geographic Information System (GIS), allowed comparison of trends among and within wetland classes which were linked to water level conditions. In periods with low water levels, overall wetland area increased primarily through expansion of the exposed substrate class lakeward; although meadow marsh also contributed to the increase. While wetland area increased during low water levels, exposed substrate did not markedly add to wetland habitat value but represents potential new wetland area that can be recolonized from seed banks. During high water levels, wetland area decreased as the lake class expanded inland and exposed substrate contracted or disappeared. Fen remained consistent in areal extent and location for most years at Howdenvale, but fen at Baie du Dore expanded with lower water levels, and contracted and became more fragmented with higher levels. At Oliphant, during low water levels fen area did not change, and with high levels the lake flooded the fen. With high water levels, lake area and wetter classes dominated and migrated inland. Under low water level conditions, lake was replaced by exposed substrate and drier wetland classes expanded, but did not necessarily colonize exposed substrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".