Bibliographic record
Abstract
Circumferential confinement of reinforced concrete columns with externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps is now widely implemented as a method to strengthen and/or enhance the deformability of deficient or damaged reinforced concrete columns. A fundamentally important parameter in the design of these members is the so-called strain efficiency of the FRP wraps – the ratio of the tensile hoop strain in the FRP at failure to the average failure strain observed in direct uniaxial tensile coupon tests. Available experimental hoop strain data obtained using localised strain gauges provide little insight into the variation of hoop strain over the surface of FRP wraps, the factors influencing strain efficiency and the resulting strain efficiency that should be assumed in design, and these remain essentially unknown. In this paper, a novel digital image correlation technique is used to provide a detailed experimental quantification of the axial and hoop strain variation over the surface of FRP confined concrete cylinders. Potential implications for the analysis and design of FRP confined concrete are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".